Can you explain the concept of functional programming in Python?

In the first example, we are going to create a simple function in Python using functional programming principles. Functional programming is a programming paradigm that treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data. Here is the code: 
def add(a, b):
    return a + b

In this code, we define a function called add that takes two parameters a and b and returns their sum. This function follows the principles of functional programming by not modifying any external state and only relying on the input parameters to produce the output. Next, let's call the add function with some values: 
result = add(5, 3)
print(result)

When we call the add function with the values 5 and 3, it will return 8, which will then be printed to the console. This demonstrates how we can use functional programming concepts to create and use functions in Python without modifying external state. In the second example, we are going to use a lambda function in Python to demonstrate another aspect of functional programming. Lambda functions are anonymous functions that can have any number of arguments but only one expression. Here is the code: 
multiply = lambda x, y: x * y

In this code, we define a lambda function called multiply that takes two parameters x and y and returns their product. Lambda functions are useful for creating small, one-off functions without needing to define a named function. Let's now call the multiply lambda function with some values: 
result = multiply(4, 2)
print(result)

When we call the multiply lambda function with the values 4 and 2, it will return 8, which will then be printed to the console. This example showcases how lambda functions can be used in Python to apply functional programming concepts in a concise and efficient manner.

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